Which of the following is an example of ethnic religion?
Ethnic religions do not attempt to appeal to all people, but only one group, maybe in one locale or within one ethnicity. Judaism and Hinduism are two prime examples of ethnic religions. Hinduism is the largest ethnic religion and the world’s third largest religion with about 1 billion adherents.
What do Christianity and Islam have in common?
Christianity and Islam have more in common than most people know — they are both monotheistic Abrahamic religions, and Jesus Christ is an important, revered figure in both religions. Followers of Christianity — called Christians — believe in the Holy Trinity, and that Christ, the son of God,…
Why do universal religions consist of many different ethnic groups?
Therefore, it is evident that universal religions consist of many different ethnic groups because they convert and accept anyone of any background and are usually not closely tied to one location. Christianity is the largest universalizing religion, both in area and in number, with about two billion adherents.
Is there a relationship between Islam and ethnic identity?
North American Christians are often confused about the relationship between the religion of Islam and the ethnic identity of Muslims. This confusion takes two forms. The first form has to do with the relationship between Islamic religious identity and Arabic ethnic identity.
What is the difference between Islam and Christianity?
Christianity vs. Islam. Christianity and Islam have more in common than most people know — they are both monotheistic Abrahamic religions, and Jesus Christ is an important, revered figure in both religions. Followers of Christianity — called Christians — believe in the Holy Trinity, and that Christ, the son of God, …
Which religion has the most followers?
With over 2.1 billion followers, over half of which are Catholic, Christianity is the world’s largest religion. Islam, with over 1.5 billion followers, is the world’s second largest religion; Sunnis make up 80-90% of Islam’s adherents. Because the two religions are the largest in the world, one or the other is generally the dominant faith in nearly every country, with a few exceptions in Asia where Buddhism or no religion is dominant.
How did Islam spread?
633-655 CE: Islam is spread through warfare. Muslim armies take over Egypt, Mesopotamia, Palestine, Syria, the North African coast, and portions of the Byzantine and Persian empires.
Which religion has stricter rules?
Similar to Judaism, Islam tends to have stricter guidelines or rules than Christianity does. In modern Christianity, most hardline rules are found in the Old Testament and more related to Judaism, and many of the rules found in the New Testament are downplayed.
Where are Christians located?
As a % of local population, Christians are in a majority in Europe, North and South America, and Australia and New Zealand. There are 1.6 billion.
Which two writers wrote their versions of Jesus’ life, partly based on Mark’s version?
73 CE: Matthew and Luke write their versions of Jesus’ life, partly based on Mark’s version.
Who blamed Christians for the burning of Rome?
64 CE: Roman Emperor Nero blames Christians for the burning of Rome .
How many chapters are there in the Quran?
The Quran is divided into 114 chapters called Suras (also spelled Surahs ). A designation of, for example, 10:1 means Sura 10, verse 1. The Bukhari Hadiths are divided into nine volumes, then various books, then hadiths by number. The numbering system is governed by the volumes, not the books.
Why are hadiths important?
The hadiths are considered extremely important documents, but they are not considered letter-for-letter perfect like the Quran. According to Islamic sources, each report in the Bukhari and Muslim hadiths (also the Sunan Abu-Dawud Hadiths) was checked for compatibility with the Quran and the veracity of the chain of reporters back to Muhammad had to be painstakingly established. The hadiths are used, along with the Quran, to govern every detail of the life of the Muslim—down to toilet habits. (Don’t face "Kibla," that is Mecca, when answering the call of nature—Bukhari 1:147).
What is a hadith?
The hadith are written compilations ("traditions" or "reports") of the sayings and actions of Muhammad. Muhammad’s example and authority are prominent in Islam. The hadiths (the plural is sometimes written with the "s" and sometimes not), along with the Quran, are meant to govern every aspect of life, including civil law. There are several collections of hadiths, but the one compiled by Bukhari (or "Al-Bukhari" or "Sahih Bukhari"), who lived 200 years after Muhammad, is considered very important, especially by Sunni Muslims. We will reference Bukhari primarily in our article, but will also reference the hadiths collected by "Sahih Muslim," who was a student of Bukhari.
Why is a woman’s testimony worth half that of a man?
For example, in 4:34 some use the term "superior," while others say that men are "maintainers" or "guardians" of women.) In Islamic law, a woman’s testimony is worth half that of men because the female mind is considered deficient (Sura 2:282, Bukhari 3.48.826).
What are the two major world religions?
We are interested in exploring here what the source documents say concerning these two major world religions, Christianity and Islam. That is, we will explore and compare the Bible and the Quran (plus the written traditions of Islam called the hadith).
How to tell if a truth claim is not true?
Applying rules of logic, one can show that a truth-claim is not true by identifying arbitrariness or inconsistency in the claim . We offer detailed references from the Bible, the Quran, and the Hadiths so that the interested reader can check the sources himself.
How many Christians are killed by Muslims?
According to the organization the Voice of the Martyrs (website www.persecution.com or search for Voice of the Martyrs) 160,000 Christians are killed annually because of their faith—the vast majority being killed by Muslims. If Islam claims to be a religion of peace, why is there so much oppression in every Muslim country?
What are the two religions that are followed by half of the world’s population?
Christianity and Islam are two religions that are followed by almost half of the world’s population. These two religions have several things in common like both are monotheistic Abrahamic religions and in both religions, Jesus Christ has been a significant revered figure. However, the Christians believe in Jesus Christ as the Son of God who walked on earth as the personality of God. Furthermore, Muslims views Jesus as God’s messenger and a prophet. The two religions believe in the return of Jesus Christ during the end time.
What are the similarities between Islam and Christianity?
Christianity and Islam have a long history together and they tend to have some remarkable connections. Similarities believed to exist between the two religions are generally found in the practices and religious beliefs of Christians and Muslims because of their common socio-cultural space and also the historical and political circumstances (Thomas et al., 2009). Both Christians and Muslims affirms that there is only one God who created everything that exists. The two religions also believe that God gave the world a special revelation. However, some of the similarities between the two religions are;
What are the differences between Muslims and Christians?
Muslims and Christians portray differences in their scriptures, for instance, the Muslims re ly on the fact that, God shown his will to several prophets that include the Hebrew prophets and also to Jesus and therefore the Old and New Testaments are corrupted and should not be respected. They also believe that the Quran is the ultimate as well as final revelation (Wilken, 2013). In contrast, Christians hold on believing that God gradually revealed himself in Old and New Testaments and therefore, every book in the Holy Bible is a product of God through the human writers. Christians also believe that the Holy Bible is a complete God’s revelation and no writing was added and therefore there is no textual or historical evidence that supports that the Holy Bible is corrupt as stated by the Quranic teachings (Wilken, 2013) .
What prophecy did God give to Abraham?
The prophecy of Abraham is the head of the Christians and Muslims. For instance, in the Old Testament, the book Genesis 12: 2-3 says that, God spoken to Abraham and told him that He will make him a great nation and bless him. Moreover, in Gen 17: 20-22, the Bible says that, God blessed Ishmael, who was the Abrahamic head of the Muslims as well as Isaac the Abrahamic leader of the Christianity. Therefore, today, Christians and Muslims make up over 50% of the world’s population thereby fulfilling God’s promise to Abraham (Renard, 2011).
What does the Bible say about Muslims?
Muslims affirms that God as merciful, benevolent and sovereign but not loving as the Holy Bible states. In 1 John 4:8-16, the Bible announces ‘’God is LOVE, and it is because of his love for the world that He sent His only son to save the world.” In contrast, the Holy Quran does not identify God with love nor command the Muslims to love their God. Therefore, they maintain that incorporating love with God compromises His power. They also believe that it distorting and humanizing God what is wrong (Gauss, 2009).
Do Christians believe in Jesus Christ?
Christians believe in Jesus Christ the son of God who died because of their wickedness. However, teachings of Jesus are all over the Holy Bible. Nevertheless, the Islam Jesus is one of the most significant prophets referenced in the Holy Quran. The Holy Quran in verse 21: 91, presents a great nobility about Jesus as well as his mother Mary, ‘‘we made Mary and her son a symbol for all people” also in verse 2: 253 states that ‘’Jesus, son of Mary was given clear testimonies and fortified with the Holy Spirit.” Also, through this verse, the Holy Quran reaffirms the righteousness of Holy Mary and she is the only woman stated in by name in the Quran. Moreover, Muslims affirms that Mary is a woman of dignity and they states her name in their prayer ‘’may Allah be pleased with her.” (Renard, 2011).
Did Jesus die on the cross?
Many Christians believe that Jesus died on the cross and his death was followed by a glorious resurrection. The Christians gospel holds that through the death and resurrection of Jesus, humans are forgiven their sins (Gauss, 2009). Nevertheless, many of the Muslims claim that Jesus did never died on the cross, for instance, Surah 4:155- 159 states that ‘’regardless of the fact that the Jewish attempted to execute Jesus, they did not succeed, nor crucify him, but the Jewish thought that they killed him.” According to the Islam, God could not have allowed Jesus, His anointed prophet be crucified. This statements, therefore, creates a big difference between the Muslims and Christians believe in the death of Jesus.
How did religions spread?
How did all religions get to where they are today? Religions spread over time through a process called diffusion. The map shown above indicates where the identified religions are most prominent. There are two methods of diffusion: expansion and relocation. In expansion diffusion, beliefs of a religion transmit by direct contact between believers and nonbelievers. This contact causes the number of believers to increase over time either by direct contact between believers and nonbelievers (contagious diffusion) or by conversion of nonbelievers by missionaries (hierarchical diffusion). Relocation diffusion happens when a group of believers moves to a new location, where they then spread the teachings of a religion that are often not yet widely known or practiced in the region. So let’s look at how universalizing and ethnic religions have spread across the globe.
What are polytheistic religions?
Polytheistic religions practiced today include Hinduism and Shintoism. As geographers, we need to examine religions with an eye on universality and ethnicity. Origin and predominate location define ethnic and universalizing religions as well to help explain how the religion diffused over time.
What is universalizing religion?
They look for new members and welcome anyone and everyone who wishes to adopt their belief system. Universalizing religions have many diverse members, who come from different ethnic backgrounds, hence the term universal. Therefore, it is evident that universal religions consist of many different ethnic groups because they convert and accept anyone of any background and are usually not closely tied to one location.
Why are universal religions considered universal?
Therefore, it is evident that universal religions consist of many different ethnic groups because they convert and accept anyone of any background and are usually not closely tied to one location.
Why does ethnicity follow one’s religion?
It follows one’s ethnicity because the religion does not tend to convert. In some ways, ethnic religions act like a folk culture. It expands via relocation diffusion and often increases through birth rates. Ethnic religions relate closely to culture, ethnic heritage, and to the physical geography of a particular place.
What is an ethnic religion?
In contrast to universalizing religions, ethnic religions usually consist of beliefs, superstitions, and rituals handed down from generation to generation within an ethnicity and culture. It follows one’s ethnicity because the religion does not tend to convert.
What is the second largest religion?
Islam is the second largest universalizing religion with over 1.5 billion adherents. In Arabic, Islam means “submitting to the will of God”. Those who practice Islam are Muslims, which means one who surrenders to God. Islam begins with Abraham like Christianity and Judaism, but traces their story through Abraham’s second wife and son, Hagar and Ishmael, not Sarah and Isaac like the Christians and Jews. Their leader and prophet is Muhammad. The two branches of Islam are Sunni and Shiite. The division between the Sunni and Shia originated in a disagreement over leadership after Muhammad’s death in 632 CE. Islam is the predominant religion in the Middle East from North Africa to Central Asia. More than half of the world’s Muslims live in four countries outside the Middle East: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India.
What countries are Arabized?
Over time, however, the twin processes of Islamization and Arabization took place, unevenly from location to location. Egypt, North Africa, and the Aramaic-speaking Middle East became almost completely Arabized in language and largely Islamic in religion, but in places like Iraq, Syria, Lebanon and Egypt, substantial minorities held on to their historic Christian religious identities. Thus, to this day, there are communities in each of these countries which are regarded as ethnically and linguistically Arabic but which adhere to one of the ancient Christian communions: the Coptic Orthodox in Egypt, the Maronite Catholic in Lebanon, the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic in Palestine, the Eastern and Syrian Orthodox in Syria, and the Chaldean Catholic and Assyrian Orthodox in Iraq. These groups have been caught in the crossfire of the conflicts that have plagued these countries in the 20th and 21st centuries. The historically Christian population of the Middle East has plummeted in the last several decades as Christians have been killed or forced to flee. For example, a very significant portion of the Palestinian population was historically Christian at the beginning of the 20th century, but Israel treats them the same as Muslim Palestinians, and many have fled. Similarly, the Assyrian and Chaldean Christians of Iraq were largely left alone under Saddam Hussein, but since he was deposed they have been targeted by Islamic groups, and many have been forced out of the country. A significant percentage of the Arabic population in the United States belongs to one of the ancient eastern churches (and therefore are not Muslim), and the Assyrian Orthodox patriarch now lives in Chicago.
What language did the Muslims speak?
The majority of their subjects spoke some other language (such as Aramaic, Coptic, Berber, or Persian) and practiced some other religion (Christianity in the west and Zoroastrianism in the east).
Do Muslims speak Arabic?
On the other hand, many other peoples under Islamic rule became Muslim, but never became Arabic. In the Middle East itself, the Persians (Iranians), the Kurds, and the Turks are all majority-Muslim people groups, but none of them regard themselves as Arabs and they do not speak Arabic. Likewise, the largest Muslim populations in the world are all in non-Arabic speaking countries: Indonesia, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and India, among others. The majority of Muslims in the world are not Arabic in language or ethnic identity.
Where did the Arabs come from?
Arabs are an ethno-linguistic group of people, most of whom are Muslim in religion but some of whom are not. Their origins lie in the Arabian Peninsula, but they burst into the larger world in the seventh and eighth centuries with the dramatic conquests that followed the death of Muhammad in AD 632.
Is the Qur’an Arabic?
However, the Arabic influence on these non-Arabic Muslims is significant. The Qur’an was composed in Arabic, and it is regarded by Muslims as only truly the Qur’an in the Arabic language. The prayers recited by Muslims five times a day are recited in Arabic, whether the worshiper understands Arabic or not.
Is Islam a part of the Muslim world?
In much of the Muslim world, the opposite is true. Islam is part of their ethnic identity. To be a Turk, or a Persian, or a Malay, or a host of other Islamic people groups, is to be a Muslim, and if you cease to be the latter you also cease to be the former. You don’t even have to be particularly observant as a Muslim, but you cannot leave Islam.
Does Islam separate religion?
Islam does not separate religion, culture, and politics into different spheres, but regards them as unbreakably united. For this reason, Christian evangelism and missions to Muslims are regarded as politically and culturally subversive as well as being religiously threatening.